Examples of abdominal surgery includes:
- Gastrointestinal
- Gastro-pexy for the prevention of bloat/GDV (gastric dilation and volvulus)
- Biopsies to sample a mass
- Tumour removal
- Intestinal anastomosis surgery (resection and re-joining of intestines)
- Liver
- Porto-systemic shunt
- Biliary mucoceole
- Biopsies to sample abnormalities
- Kidneys
- Nephrectomy (removal)
- Biopsies to sample abnormalities
- Reproductive
- Cryptorchid (retained testicle)
- Urinary
- Ectopic ureters (causes urinary incontinence)
- Cystotomy (opening into the bladder)
- Colpoplexy (used to treat urinary incontinence)
