Angular Limb Deformity (ALD)

1. Genetic Factors:Some breeds are predisposed to angular limb deformities due to genetic factors. E.g. Shih Tzus, Jack Russell Terriers and Dachshunds.
2. Nutritional Imbalances:An imbalanced diet which is high in energy can lead to rapid asynchronous growth of paired bones.
3. Trauma or Injury:Fractures or injuries which damage the growth plates in a young animal will alter the direction the bone grows.
4. Developmental Disorders:Disorders affecting the growth plates, such as hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) or canine panosteitis, may lead to angular limb deformities.

1. Valgus Deformity:The limb deviates outward, away from the body’s midline. This is often seen in the carpus (wrist) or tarsus (ankle).
2. Varus Deformity:The limb deviates inward, toward the body’s midline. This can affect various joints, including the carpus and tarsus.

Diagnosis can only be made by a through examination and imaging which includes x-rays and on occasion, CT scans.

1. Conservative Management: Mild cases may be managed conservatively with controlled exercise, weight management, and nutritional adjustments. This is typically reserved for pets which still have scope for further growth. Splints are usually avoided due to the risk of causing sores.
2. Surgical Intervention: Severe angular limb deformities often require surgical correction. Procedures may include osteotomies (cutting and realigning bones) which are secured with metal implants. With modern equipment available to us, we can create 3D printed guides which help us to pre-plan surgery and minimise anaesthetic time for your pet.

This will require a period of strict rest whilst the bone(s) heal, medications for pain control and wound care. Once the initial wound has healed, these patients often benefit from further rehabilitation with a suitably qualified person.