This diagram shows a cross section of the eye, detailing the structures and the different layers of the cornea — the clear surface at the front of the eyeWhen is surgery needed?
Surgical treatment is not needed for every corneal ulcer. Small or shallow ulcers will often heal successfully with intensive medical treatment, including eye drops, pain relief, and close monitoring. However, deeper ulcers or ulcers that become infected or “melting” are much more serious and often require surgery to save the eye and protect vision.
Surgery is usually recommended when the ulcer extends deeper into the cornea, is worsening rapidly, or when the cornea has become dangerously thin and at risk of rupturing. Some pets are also more prone to ongoing eye surface damage because of their facial shape or eyelid structure, particularly flat-faced breeds with prominent eyes. In these patients, earlier surgical intervention may be advised to improve comfort and healing. Additional procedures, such as reducing the size of the eyelid opening (medial canthoplasty), may also help protect the eye surface and reduce future problems.
The aim of surgery is to remove unhealthy or infected tissue, strengthen and support the weakened cornea, and encourage healing. Surgical grafts can also help bring a blood supply closer to the damaged area, which improves healing and helps the body fight infection more effectively. These procedures are often sight-saving and can greatly reduce the risk of serious complications, including rupture of the eye.
Surgical management
Some corneal ulcers are too deep or severe to heal safely with medication alone and require surgery to protect the eye and preserve vision. The most common procedures involve placing a graft over the damaged area of the cornea to provide support and encourage healing.
A graft acts like a natural “patch” for the weakened cornea. In many cases, tissue from the pink lining around the eye (the conjunctiva) is carefully moved over the ulcer to provide strength and bring a healthy blood supply to the area. This helps the body fight infection and repair the damaged tissue more effectively. The exact type of graft used depends on the size and position of the ulcer.
For some ulcers, especially those affecting the centre of the cornea, a corneal graft may be recommended. These grafts can provide stronger structural support while also helping to maintain as much vision as possible by creating a clearer repair.
Post Operative Care
Your pet will need to wear a Elizabethan collar (cone) for at least 14 days, to prevent rubbing or damaging the eye while it heals. Dogs will need controlled exercise on a lead using a harness and cats must be kept indoors. Eye medications and pain relief will be prescribed to keep your pet comfortable and aid healing during recovery.
For more ionformation on Corneal Ulcers, see our resources section below.
